ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of metabolic pathways in the process of immunesuppression in mice caused by cyclophosphamide by metabolomic analysis. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of immune cells, and the results were analyzed using partial least squares model. The potential biomarkers were screened by variable importance in projection ( VIP) parameters in the partial least squares model, and the differential metabolites were determined by statistical analysis. The differential metabolites were identified using the metabolomics rapid identification and analysis software. Nine kinds of metabolites were identified by searching and calculation, and result of pathway enrich-ment showed three differential metabolic pathways. Results Cyclophosphamide had a significant effect on the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, metabolism of mitochondrial fatty acids, metabolism of glycophospholipid, biosynthesis of steroid hormones, metabolism of arachidonic acid, metabolism of fatty acids, and the biosynthesis of pyrimidine. Conclusions The most important metabolic pathways affected by cyclophosphamide in the normal body are the metabolism of arachidonic acid, glycophospholipid and pyrimidine.
ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the optimal doses of histamine and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in the establish-ment of guinea pigs models of itching, and to establish a new guinea pig model of itching. Methods The central composite design-response surface method was used to arrange the experiment. In the experiment different pruritus agents were hypo-dermically injection of 0. 5 mL in the depilated area, and the scratching incubation period and scratching number in 30 mi-nutes were counted after the injection. The guinea pig itching model was evaluated by observing the behavioral changes of guinea pigs and measuring the levels of histamine and interleukin-6 in the blood. Results The behavioral experiments found that the scratching frequency in the the combination group was significantly higher than the histamine group and 4-AP group (P<0. 01). The itching latency of the combination group was significantly shorter than that of the histamine group and 4-AP group (P<0. 01). Compared with the control group, the histamine concentrations of the combination group and histamine group were significantly increased ( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01 ) , and the level of the combination group was lower than that of the histamine group (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the serum IL-6 concentrations of histamine group, 4-AP group and combination group were significantly higher (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05), and those in the combination group were significantly higher than the histamine and 4-AP groups. Compared with the control group, pathologic examina-tion showed proliferation of inflammatory cells in all model groups, and the reaction of the combination group was more ob-vious. Conclusions The optimal conditions used in this experiment are easy to achieve and have good reproducibility in the establishment of a guinea pig model of itching.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of metabolic pathways in the process of immunesuppression in mice caused by cyclophosphamide by metabolomic analysis. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of immune cells, and the results were analyzed using partial least squares model. The potential biomarkers were screened by variable importance in projection ( VIP) parameters in the partial least squares model, and the differential metabolites were determined by statistical analysis. The differential metabolites were identified using the metabolomics rapid identification and analysis software. Nine kinds of metabolites were identified by searching and calculation, and result of pathway enrich-ment showed three differential metabolic pathways. Results Cyclophosphamide had a significant effect on the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, metabolism of mitochondrial fatty acids, metabolism of glycophospholipid, biosynthesis of steroid hormones, metabolism of arachidonic acid, metabolism of fatty acids, and the biosynthesis of pyrimidine. Conclusions The most important metabolic pathways affected by cyclophosphamide in the normal body are the metabolism of arachidonic acid, glycophospholipid and pyrimidine.
ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the optimal doses of histamine and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in the establish-ment of guinea pigs models of itching, and to establish a new guinea pig model of itching. Methods The central composite design-response surface method was used to arrange the experiment. In the experiment different pruritus agents were hypo-dermically injection of 0. 5 mL in the depilated area, and the scratching incubation period and scratching number in 30 mi-nutes were counted after the injection. The guinea pig itching model was evaluated by observing the behavioral changes of guinea pigs and measuring the levels of histamine and interleukin-6 in the blood. Results The behavioral experiments found that the scratching frequency in the the combination group was significantly higher than the histamine group and 4-AP group (P<0. 01). The itching latency of the combination group was significantly shorter than that of the histamine group and 4-AP group (P<0. 01). Compared with the control group, the histamine concentrations of the combination group and histamine group were significantly increased ( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01 ) , and the level of the combination group was lower than that of the histamine group (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the serum IL-6 concentrations of histamine group, 4-AP group and combination group were significantly higher (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05), and those in the combination group were significantly higher than the histamine and 4-AP groups. Compared with the control group, pathologic examina-tion showed proliferation of inflammatory cells in all model groups, and the reaction of the combination group was more ob-vious. Conclusions The optimal conditions used in this experiment are easy to achieve and have good reproducibility in the establishment of a guinea pig model of itching.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in idiopathic male infertile patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Karyotypic analysis and PCR were carried out in 133 male idiopathic infertile patients for chromosome karyotype and Y chromosome microdeletion analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 133 patients, 25 (18.80%) were found to have chromosome abnormalities, and 12 (9.02%) were found to have Y chromosome microdeletions including 2 with varicocele and 2 with cryptorchism. Four patients had both chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions may play an important role in idiopathic male infertility, suggesting the importance of examinations of chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in such patients.</p>